KARATERISTIK PERKEMBANGAN SOCIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA 0-6 TAHUN

Abstract

Social-emotional development is one of the most important aspects of early childhood growth, as it plays a significant role in shaping children's ability to interact with others, manage emotions, and adapt to their environment. However, various studies indicate that children's social-emotional development still faces several challenges influenced by parenting styles, family and school environments, insufficient social stimulation, and excessive gadget use. This study aims to describe the characteristics of social-emotional development in children aged 0–6 years, identify the factors influencing it, and provide a scientific overview that can serve as a basis for supporting the optimization of early childhood social-emotional development. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing and synthesizing relevant scientific articles on the social-emotional development of children aged 0–6 years. The findings revealed that the characteristics of social-emotional development in early childhood include the ability to recognize and regulate emotions, interact with others, demonstrate empathy, cooperate, and follow social norms according to their developmental stages. Factors influencing children's social-emotional development include parenting styles, family and school environments, play-based methods, the quality of stimulation provided, and gadget use. The findings also indicate that the age of 0–6 years is a golden age period that plays a crucial role in determining children's social-emotional development. Therefore, collaboration among families, schools, and the broader environment is essential to provide appropriate stimulation and support the optimal development of children's social-emotional competencies.