Menelusuri Fiqh Siyāsah: Kajian Konseptual, Historis, Dinamika Perkembangan, Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Tata Kelola Pemerintahan

Abstract

Fiqh siyāsah positions itself as an essential component of the Islamic intellectual tradition, which from its inception has been closely engaged with issues of power and state governance throughout the historical trajectory of Islamic civilization. This study aims to examine and understand the foundational concept of siyāsah, trace its historical development within the classical tradition, and analyze its transformative dynamics within contemporary socio-political contexts. Employing a qualitative approach based on library research, various primary and secondary sources are analyzed through descriptive, historical, and normative methods to explore how the concept of fiqh siyāsah is constructed, developed, and reconstructed in response to changing historical circumstances. The discursive analysis reveals that fiqh siyāsah possesses a dynamic and adaptive character, preventing it from being confined to rigid legal formulations, and instead allowing it to undergo continuous reinterpretation in response to shifting political and social structures across Muslim societies. This development demonstrates that Islamic political principles are not detached from modern realities, but can be contextualized within contemporary governance systems without abandoning their foundational Sharī‘ah values. Accordingly, fiqh siyāsah functions not only as an intellectual legacy of the past, but also as a living normative and ethical framework that continually responds to the complexities of modern governance, which demands justice, transparency, and public welfare.